1. Keffer J., Probert L., Cazlaris H., Georgopoulos S., Kaslaris E., Kioussis D., Kollias G., 1991, "Transgenic mice expressing human tumour necrosis factor: a predictive genetic model of arthritis", EMBO J., 10, 4025-4031.  (view the article).

The article describes the generation and phenotypic characterization of Tg197 model of arthritis and Tg1278 (normal regulation of the human TNF). The Tg197 is the first model generated which over expresses human TNF and develops chronic polyarthitis. As in the past, this model is being used by many companies to test the efficacy of their therapeutics. 

2.  Georgopoulos S., Plows D., Kollias G., 1996, "Transmembrane TNF is sufficient to induce localized tissue toxicity and chronic inflammatory arthritis in transgenic mice", J. Inflamm., 46, 86-97. (view this article) 

The article describes the generation and phenotypic characterization of Tg5453, a model of arthritis, caused by deregulated expression of the transmembrane TNF

3.  Kontoyiannis D., Pasparakis M., Pizarro T. T., Cominelli F., Kollias G., 1999, "Impaired on/off regulation of TNF biosynthesis in mice lacking TNF AU- rich elements: implications for joint and gut-associated immunopathologies", Immunity, 10, 387-398.(view this article)

 The article describes the generation and characterization of the TNF^ΔARE line, a unique model that develops both arthritis and Crohn’s disease. This model has been used by Chemocentryx for testing a CCR9 inhibitor for Crohn's disease.

4. Douni E., Sfikakis P. P., Haralambous S., Fernandes P., Kollias G., 2004, "Attenuation of inflammatory polyarthritis in TNF transgenic mice by diacerein: comparative analysis with dexamethasone, methotrexate and anti-TNF protocols", Arthritis Res. & Ther., 6 (1), R65-R72.  (view this article).

This article describes the use of non anti TNF therapies, Diacerein and Dexamethasone in Tg197 model of arthritis. The Tg197 model can be used to test small molecule therapeutics as well.

5. Thwin M. M., Douni E., Aidinis V., Kollias G., Kodama K., Sato K., Satish R. L., Mahendran R., Gopalakrishnakone P., 2004, "Effect of phospholipase A2 inhibitory peptide on inflammatory arthritis in a TNF transgenic mouse model: a time-course ultrastructural study", Arthritis Res. & Ther., 6 (3), R282-94.(view this article).

This article describes the use of a non anti TNF therapeutic, a phospholipase II inhibitor inTg197 model of arthritis

6. A document showing how Centocor  used Tg211, Tg197 and Tg5453 to test Infliximab.(view the document)

7. A published abstract by Abgenix Biopharma using Tg197 and Tg5453 for testing their antibodies (view the abstract)

8. A published abtract by Chemocentryx, testing a CCR9 antagonist on the TNF^ΔARE model (read the abstract).

9. Douni E., Akassoglou K., Alexopoulou L., Georgopoulos S., Haralambous S., Hill S., Kassiotis G., Kontoyiannis D., Pasparakis M., Plows D., Probert L., Kollias G., 1995, "Transgenic and knockout analyses of the role of TNF in immune regulation and disease pathogenesis", J. Inflamm., 47, 27-38 (read the article)

This article is a review of Biomedcode’s transgenic models. It gives an overview of the phenotype of the models, construct information, as well as insights gained from these models in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

10. Probert L., Akassoglou K., Pasparakis M., Kontogeorgos G., Kollias G., 1995, "Spontaneous inflammatory demyelinating disease in transgenic mice showing central nervous system-specific expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 92, 11294-11298. (read the article)

The article describes the generation and characterization of Tg6074 model of multiple sclerosis caused by inflammatory demyelination.

11. Probert L., Keffer J., Corbella P., Cazlaris H., Patsavoudi E., Stephens S., Kaslaris E., Kioussis D., Kollias G., 1993, "Wasting, ischemia, and lymphoid abnormalities in mice expressing T cell- targeted human tumor necrosis factor transgenes", J. Immunol., 151, 1894-1906. (read the article)

This article describes the effect of deregulated expression of human TNF in T cells. The resulting model, Tg211, is unique model to test therapeutics against cachexia.

12. Akassoglou K., Probert L., Kontogeorgos G., Kollias G., 1997, "Astrocyte-specific but not neuron-specific transmembrane TNF triggers inflammation and degeneration in the central nervous system of transgenic mice", J. Immunol., 158, 438-445. (read the article).

The articles describes the generation and phenotype of the TgK21 mice, a model of multiple sclerosis caused by human TNF.